Neonatal Spina Bifida: Clinical Profile, Management, and Maternal Characteristics in a Moroccan Tertiary Center

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Spina bifida is a common neural tube defect and remains a significant public health concern in low- and middle-income countries. Data on neonatal presentation and maternal characteristics in Eastern Morocco are limited. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study over a nine-year period in the neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital in Eastern Morocco. All neonates diagnosed with spina bifida were included. Data on clinical features, maternal characteristics, management, and outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: Thirty-three neonates were included. Myelomeningocele was the most frequent type. Common complications included hydrocephalus (45%), motor deficits (30%), and orthopedic abnormalities (39%). Surgical management was performed in more than half of the cases, and some patients required ventriculoperitoneal shunting. Maternal characteristics included inadequate folic acid supplementation, consanguinity, diabetes, and reported consumption of fenugreek during pregnancy. Survival at discharge was generally high, although morbidity remained significant. CONCLUSION: Neonatal spina bifida remains a significant cause of morbidity in our setting. Maternal characteristics, particularly inadequate folic acid supplementation, underline the importance of preventive strategies. The reported consumption of fenugreek during pregnancy warrants further investigation. These findings highlight the need for improved prenatal care and preventive strategies.