Negotiating Agency and Constraints: Experiences of Young Zimbabwean Migrants

Abstract

This article examines the interplay between vulnerability and agency among Zimbabwean youths migrating unaccompanied to South Africa. Although situated in precarious situations, these young people demonstrate short-term tactical agency, making crucial decisions to navigate their immediate circumstances. Based on 33 interviews and three focus group discussions conducted with young (12–17 years) Zimbabwean migrants in South Africa, the research explores the drivers of migration, the challenges young migrants face and the strategies they use to address the challenges. Despite facing dangers, such as exploitation and violence, these young people demonstrate tactical agency in navigating immediate survival needs, securing shelter, food and safety. These findings underscore the dynamic relationship between vulnerability and agency, highlighting how young people on the move navigate their circumstances even within constrained environments. The article calls for a comprehensive understanding of youth migration that recognizes both the risks faced by and the agency of these young migrants.