In developing countries, the environment and human health are adversely impacted by dumping site leachate. Hence, this review examined landfill characteristics, associated risks, challenges and solutions. Open landfills were commonly used methods surrounded by residents, without leachate management. In landfill leachate, higher concentration of Cl− from Egypt, NO3− from India, Cr from Ghana, and Zn, Cd, Pb and Ni from Nigeria were measured. Nearby groundwater contamination was observed in Egypt, India, Ghana, and Côte d'Ivoire. Surface water contamination was identified in Kenya, Bangladesh, and Côte d'Ivoire. Pollution of water resources exceeded standard limits, posing major health risks. Studies from Egypt, India, Nigeria, and Ethiopia showed that groundwater were unfit for drinking. This review found that legal framework, environmental conditions, municipality capacity, and institutional roles affected disposal services. Researchers suggested sanitary landfills, strong legal system, financial effectiveness, public involvement, and service outsourcing as a solution.
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DOI: 10.4018/979-8-3373-0862-3.ch013
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