article · Heliyon
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles can be synthesised using leaf, pod, seed, and seed shell extracts from the kola nut tree, Cola nitida. Spectroscopic and microscopic analyses reveal that these biofabricated particles are crystalline anatase, nearly spherical, and range from 25.00 to 191.41 nanometres in size, with plant proteins and phenolic compounds facilitating their formation. Laboratory evaluations demonstrate that the nanoparticles inhibit multidrug-resistant bacteria and toxigenic fungi. In addition, the particles display catalytic capabilities, degrading between 83.48 and 86.28 percent of malachite green dye without exposure to ultraviolet irradiation. They also exhibit notable antioxidant effects, scavenging 51.19 to 60.08 percent of DPPH and 78.45 to 99.23 percent of hydrogen peroxide radicals. Finally, the synthesised nanoparticles prevent the coagulation of human blood, showing potential for catalytic and biomedical uses.
Developing multifunctional materials from plant extracts provides alternative options for wastewater treatment and healthcare. Synthesising titanium dioxide nanoparticles via Cola nitida extracts yields particles capable of breaking down industrial dye pollutants without ultraviolet light, while simultaneously presenting antimicrobial, antioxidant, and blood-anticoagulant properties relevant to addressing resistant infections and specific clinical needs.
This work points to potential applications in industrial wastewater treatment and biomedical development. Industrial operators treating dye effluents could explore using these particles to degrade toxic pollutants without relying on ultraviolet irradiation equipment, whilst pharmaceutical developers might investigate their anticoagulant and antimicrobial properties. As these results are derived from early-stage laboratory assays, the technology remains far from real-world use and requires extensive formulation and safety validation.
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First study of phytosynthesis of TiO 2 NPs using the leaf (KL), pod (KP), seed (KS) and seed shell (KSS) extracts of kola nut tree ( Cola nitida ) is herein reported. The TiO 2 NPs were characterized and evaluated for their antimicrobial, dye degradation, antioxidant and anticoagulant activities. The nearly spherical-shaped particles had λmax of 272.5–275.0 nm with size range of 25.00–191.41 nm. FTIR analysis displayed prominent peaks at 3446.79, 1639.49 and 1382.96 cm −1 , indicating the involvement of phenolic compounds and proteins in the phytosynthesis of TiO 2 NPs. Both SAED and XRD showed bioformation of crystalline anatase TiO 2 NPs which inhibited multidrug-drug resistant bacteria and toxigenic fungi. The catalytic activities of the particles were profound, with degradation of malachite green by 83.48–86.28 % without exposure to UV-irradiation, scavenging of DPPH and H 2 O 2 by 51.19–60.08 %, and 78.45–99.23 % respectively. The particles as well prevented the coagulation of human blood. In addition to the antimicrobial and dye-degrading activities, we report for the first time the H 2 O 2 scavenging and anticoagulant activities of TiO 2 NPs, showing that the particles can be useful for catalytic and biomedical applications.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04610
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