Multicriteria evaluation of conventional and shingled photovoltaic technologies based on energy, exergy, environmental, economic performance and cell temperature distribution

Abstract

Abstract The performance of photovoltaic (PV) panels varies considerably depending on the technology used, raising the question of the optimal choice for real operating conditions. This study aims to examine and compare conventional and shingled PV modules under the environmental conditions of El Jadida. The modules were analyzed according to several criteria, including energy and exergy efficiency, environmental and economic analysis, as well as temperature distribution and cell temperature. The results reveal that shingled technology has a slightly lower temperature than the conventional Almaden module, with a maximum difference of approximately 2.25 °C. The average daily energy yield is 16.058% for conventional technology and 18.166% for shingled technology, while the average exergy yield is 15.245% and 17.560%, respectively. In environmental and economic terms, shingled technology generates a profit of 17.171 $ year −1 with a reduction of 0.9161 tCO ₂ year −1 , compared to 13.284$ year −1 and 0.9161 tCO ₂ year −1 for the conventional technology. The average performance ratio reaches 90.88% for the shingled module, confirming its superiority in terms of thermal and electrical performance.