Multi-Objective PSO Optimization for PV-BESS Integration in Distribution Networks: Grid Flexibility Enhancement and Power Loss Minimization Study

Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive multi-objective optimization framework for enhancing distribution network flexibility through strategic integration of photovoltaic (PV) systems and battery energy storage systems (BESS). Using the IEEE 33-bus radial distribution system as a test case, a threestage comparative analysis is performed to evaluate grid performance improvements: (1) baseline performance, (2) operational optimization without physical distributed generation (DG), and (3) optimal PV-BESS placement using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The methodology employs Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to minimize power losses while improving voltage profiles, power factor, reactive power losses and enhances grid flexibility through reactive power support and overall system power quality. Results demonstrate that coordinated PV-BESS integration reduces active power losses by $44.13 \%$ (from 200.28 kW to 111.89 kW) and mitigates IEEE 1547-2018 voltage violations, while constraining DG penetration to $30 \%$ of total load. The study confirms that while load optimization offers partial benefits, physical DG placement is essential for maximizing grid flexibility and power quality.