article · Inorganics
Organic dyes are widely utilised across sectors including furniture, textiles, and leather accessories, but their toxicity and non-biodegradable nature pose significant risks to human health and freshwater resources. Heterogeneous photocatalysis offers a viable method to break down these toxic pollutants. This technique relies on photocatalysts that absorb ultraviolet or visible light to generate electron-hole pairs, which subsequently drive the chemical degradation of contaminants. Metal oxides serve as particularly effective photocatalysts for treating dyes and other organic waste because of their suitable optical and electronic characteristics, wide bandgaps, high natural abundance, low cost, and stability in water. The overall effectiveness of this degradation process depends heavily on various operational and material parameters, with the physical morphology of the metal oxide playing an essential role in dictating performance.
Widespread industrial use of non-biodegradable dyes severely threatens freshwater safety and community health. Understanding how the physical shape and structure of metal oxide materials influence their ability to neutralise these pollutants provides a foundation for designing more effective water treatment systems that rely on light-activated chemical reactions.
The work focuses on water purification applications, pointing towards uses by industrial wastewater processors and environmental remediation facilities seeking low-cost, chemically stable degradation methods. Because the abstract details a review of morphological parameters and basic mechanisms rather than a tested device or scalable process, the technology remains at an early stage of research.
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There is no doubt that organic dyes currently play an indispensable role in our daily life; they are used in products such as furniture, textiles, and leather accessories. However, the main problems related to the widespread use of these dyes are their toxicity and non-biodegradable nature, which mainly are responsible for various environmental risks and threaten human life. Therefore, the elimination of these toxic materials from aqueous media is highly recommended to save freshwater resources, as well as our health and environment. Heterogeneous photocatalysis is a potential technique for dye degradation, in which a photocatalyst is used to absorb light (UV or visible) and produce electron–hole pairs that enable the reaction participants to undergo chemical changes. In the past, various metal oxides have been successfully applied as promising photocatalysts for the degradation of dyes and various organic pollutants due to their wide bandgap, optical, and electronic properties, in addition to their low cost, high abundance, and chemical stability in aqueous solutions. Various parameters play critical roles in the total performance of the photocatalyst during the photocatalytic degradation of dyes, including morphology, which is a critical factor in the overall degradation process. In our article, the recent progress on the morphological dependence of photocatalysts will be reviewed.
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DOI: 10.3390/inorganics11120484
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