article · Next Sustainability
A zinc-based metal-organic framework using biphenyl dicarboxylic acid was produced using mechanochemical synthesis to capture Rhodamine B dye from water. Researchers examined the material's surface functional groups and morphology using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. To find the most effective operating parameters, statistical modelling via response surface methodology and a Box-Behnken design evaluated the effects of adsorbent dosage, ionic strength, contact duration, and pH. Under optimal conditions of 0.497 grams of adsorbent, an ionic strength of 0.110 moles per litre, a contact time of 69.72 minutes, and a pH of 11.97, the framework achieved approximately 97 percent removal of Rhodamine B. The statistical model displayed strong correlation with experimental results, demonstrating the framework's capability as an effective adsorbent for dye removal in aqueous environments.
Synthetic dyes such as Rhodamine B are persistent pollutants found in industrial wastewater that pose risks to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Demonstrating that a mechanochemically produced metal-organic framework can achieve high dye-removal rates provides clear operating parameters for treating contaminated water, supporting the development of cleaner and more efficient water-treatment strategies.
This work is relevant to wastewater treatment and industrial effluent management, particularly for operations needing to eliminate synthetic dyes from discharge water. The research represents early-stage laboratory experimentation focused on material synthesis and process optimisation. Moving towards real-world commercialisation would require pilot testing on genuine industrial effluents, economic evaluation of the mechanochemical production process, and assessment of material reusability at scale.
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In this study, a biphenyl dicarboxylic acid (BPDC)-based Zn-metal organic framework was mechanochemically synthesised to remove RhB dye from aqueous systems via adsorption. The features of the synthesised adsorbent were investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to investigate its surface functional groups and morphology, respectively. For modelling and optimisation, the Box-Behnken design (BBD) of response surface methodology (RSM) was applied, using adsorbent dosage, ionic strength, contact time, and pH as factors, with dye removal as the response. The findings of the RSM-BBD showed that the optimisation outcome was obtained at an adsorbent dosage of 0.497 g, ionic strength of 0.110 mol/L, time of 69.72 min, and pH of 11.97. The removal efficiency of about 97% RhB by the synthesised BPDC-based Zn-MOF under optimised conditions was relatively higher than previous studies in the existing literature. The statistical results demonstrated a good correlation between experimental and predicted values (R 2 > 0.99), suggesting the effectiveness and satisfactoriness of the model. The study equally showed that the synthesised adsorbent is effective for the adsorptive removal of RhB dye from aqueous systems.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.nxsust.2026.100468
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