review · Clinical and Experimental Medicine
Inflammatory bowel disease is a long-term inflammatory condition affecting the digestive system, driven by an abnormal immune reaction in genetically susceptible people. While its precise causes remain incompletely understood, microRNAs have been identified as essential regulators of related biological processes. These molecules influence both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways, alongside key cellular functions such as growth, proliferation, and programmed cell death. Distinct variations in microRNA patterns offer potential utility for diagnosing the condition and forecasting its progression. Furthermore, targeting microRNAs has demonstrated therapeutic benefits in pre-clinical animal models as well as phase 2 clinical trials, where interventions helped lessen inflammation and enhance patient well-being.
Inflammatory bowel disease significantly degrades patient well-being, and current understanding of its origins is incomplete. Recognising the role of microRNAs in intestinal immunity helps explain how inflammation is regulated. This understanding points towards better diagnostic methods to distinguish the condition and offers pathways to targeted therapies that can directly relieve chronic symptoms.
The findings are relevant to diagnostic developers and pharmaceutical companies creating treatments for digestive illnesses. Specific microRNA profiles present opportunities for diagnostic biomarkers, while therapeutic applications have progressed from pre-clinical research into phase 2 clinical trials. Commercial implementation spans advanced diagnostic assay development and mid-stage clinical therapeutic programmes aimed at curbing intestinal inflammation.
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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a persistent inflammatory illness of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) triggered by an inappropriate immune response to environmental stimuli in genetically predisposed persons. Unfortunately, IBD patients' quality of life is negatively impacted by the symptoms associated with the disease. The exact etiology of IBD pathogenesis is not fully understood, but the emerging research indicated that the microRNA (miRNA) plays an important role. miRNAs have been documented to possess a significant role in regulating pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways, in addition to their roles in several physiological processes, including cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis. Variations in the miRNA profiles might be a helpful prognostic indicator and a valuable tool in the differential diagnosis of IBD. Most interestingly, these miRNAs have a promising therapeutic target in several pre-clinical animal studies and phase 2 clinical studies to alleviate inflammation and improve patient's quality of life. This comprehensive review discusses the current knowledge about the significant physiological role of different miRNAs in the health of the intestinal immune system and addresses the role of the most relevant differentially expressed miRNAs in IBD, identify their potential targets, and emphasize their diagnostic and therapeutic potential for future research.
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DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01476-z
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