article · Heliyon
This preliminary pilot study investigated changes in the oral microbiome associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and tobacco abuse. OSCC is a prevalent and often late-diagnosed oral cancer, with oral microbiome dysbiosis and tobacco use playing roles in its development. Researchers used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to analyse salivary microbial signatures from OSCC patients, tobacco abusers, and control individuals, with ten participants in each group. The study identified significant differences in the composition of specific microbial classes, orders, families, and genera, including Betaproteobacteria, Campylobacterales, and Campylobacter, among the three groups. These findings suggest the potential for developing microbiome-based non-invasive biomarkers for early screening and monitoring of oral cancer progression linked to tobacco abuse.
Oral cancer is often detected late, leading to high mortality. This research identifies specific microbial changes in saliva that could serve as early warning signs. Developing non-invasive screening tools based on these findings could enable earlier diagnosis and improve treatment outcomes for a serious disease.
This early-stage research suggests the potential for developing non-invasive diagnostic tools for oral cancer screening. These tools, based on salivary microbiome analysis, could be used by healthcare professionals to identify individuals at risk or in early stages of oral carcinogenesis, particularly those with a history of tobacco abuse. Further research is needed to validate these potential biomarkers for clinical application.
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Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of oral cancer and accounts for about 95% of all head and neck cancers with high mortality, usually at a late stage. Dysbiosis in the oral microbiome can lead to chronic inflammatory responses and may predispose to the development and progression of OSCC. Tobacco abuse plays an essential role in oral microbiome dysregulation and OSCC pathogenesis. We used 16S rRNA gene amplicon next-generation sequencing to examine microbial signatures unique to saliva from OSCC patients, tobacco abusers (TA) and controls (n = 10 for each group) to elucidate oral microbiome changes associated with tobacco abuse and OSCC. Overall, the oral microbiome compositions of class Betaproteobacteria and Epsilonproteobacteria, order Neisseriales, Burkholderiales and Campylobacterales, family Burkholderiaceae and Campylobacteraceae and genera Campylobacter and Leptotrichia revealed significant differences among OSCC patients, TA and control. Our preliminary pilot study not only serves as a basis for future studies with large sample size but also gives an indication of microbiome-based potential non-invasive biomarkers for early screening and monitoring of oral carcinogenesis transition due to tobacco abuse.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21773
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