article · Journal of CO2 Utilization
Metal-Organic Polyhedra, or MOPs, represent a newer category of metal-organic frameworks that show promising photocatalytic performance for converting carbon dioxide with high activity and specificity. Despite these advantages, practical deployment faces hurdles related to catalytic stability, active site deactivation, and poor reusability. Post-synthetic modifications offer an effective remedy by altering metal centres, organic linkers, or utilising ion exchange without harming underlying catalytic function. Incorporating homogeneous catalysts into heterogeneous MOP structures has demonstrated carbon dioxide transformation into carbon monoxide and formic acid with turnover frequencies of 131 per hour and 76 per hour, respectively. In addition, functionalised MOPs are increasingly explored as building blocks for porous materials, including hydrogels, dendrimers, and hybrid composites. Further research into stable one-pot synthesis routes is needed to advance these materials towards scaled environmental and green energy uses.
Transforming greenhouse gases into useful fuels or industrial chemicals is an important goal for reducing carbon emissions. Metal-Organic Polyhedra show considerable promise in driving these reactions using light. Understanding how to chemically modify these structures to improve their durability and efficiency helps scientists design more reliable materials for clean energy production and environmental remediation.
This research outlines early-stage applications for developers of green energy systems, environmental remediation technologies, energy storage, sensors, and separation membranes. Incorporating homogeneous catalysts into MOPs enables the production of carbon monoxide and formic acid from carbon dioxide. However, the technology remains at an exploratory research stage, as industrial-scale deployment continues to be hindered by stability, active site deactivation, and reusability challenges that require simplified synthesis methods to overcome.
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Metal-Organic Polyhedra (MOP) is a relatively new class of metal-organic frameworks, and their budding application as photocatalysts for catalytic conversion of CO2 with high activity and specificity has been reported in the last five years. However, challenges such as catalytic stability, the deactivation of active sites, and reusability concerns limit their industrial application. To mitigate these challenges, post-synthetic modifications (PSM) of MOP have proven useful without significantly altering the catalytic activity of the metal-organic framework. PSM can occur at metal centres, organic linkers, and via salt metathesis/ion exchange. These three scenarios are discussed, and useful photosensitive modifiers are highlighted. This study also highlights the potential for homogeneous catalysts to form chemical bonds with or within heterogeneous MOPs to improve CO2 transformation to CO and formic acid with 131 h-1 and 76 h-1 turnover frequencies, respectively. There is a surge in published articles on the application of functionalized MOPs in energy storage, sensors, and membrane separation in the form of hydrogels, dendrimers, hybrid composites and other heterostructures. This suggests the enormous potential of MOPs as building blocks for porous materials. Hence, the development of stable MOP via one-pot synthesis techniques and industrial-scale applications in green energy production and environmental remediation should be further investigated.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2023.102664
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