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article · Natural Product Research

Metabolomics-guided enhancement of secondary metabolites in <i>Lagenaria siceraria</i> tissue cultures

Abstract

<i>Lagenaria siceraria</i>, a medicinally valuable Cucurbitaceae species, remains understudied for plant tissue culture (PTC) applications. This study explored suspension cultures treated with 2,4 Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), α-naphthyl acetic acid (NAA), Gibberllic acid (GA) and their combinations to enhance secondary metabolite production. Metabolic profiling <i>via</i> UPLC-MS/MS identified 81compounds, including triterpenes, amino acids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, fatty acids and organic acids. Growth regulators as NAA and GA succeeded in upregulating organic acids by 15 folds compared to leaf extract. While 2,4 D showed an increase of 7, 5 and 4.5 folds in expression of triterpenoids, phenolic acids and amino acids, respectively. Combinations of 2,4 D and NAA induced 4 folds rise in fatty acid concentration compared to the leaf extract. Multivariate analyses and heat maps revealed distinct clustering between wild leaf extracts and hormone-treated cultures. VIP scores highlighted uridine, syringaldehyde, myricetin, isovaleric acid as key discriminants.

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DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2025.2581221

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