Mechanical characterization of woven and non-woven banana fibre-reinforced PVA composites

Abstract

Natural fibre composites are gaining attention as eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic materials, yet challenges such as inconsistent mechanical strength and high moisture absorption limit their broader application. This study investigates the structural and mechanical performance of banana fibre-reinforced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composites, focusing on woven (plain and twill) and nonwoven (mat and multidirectional) fibre configurations. Banana fibres were mechanically extracted, processed, and fabricated into composite boards using PVA as the matrix. Standard tests, tensile, flexural, impact, compressive strength, and microstructural analyses, including SEM, FTIR, EDX, and XRD, were conducted. Results showed that plain weave composites had the highest tensile (19.03 N/mm2) and flexural (41.52 N/mm2) strengths, while nonwoven composites exhibited superior impact resistance (0.3). All composites displayed high water absorption due to the amorphous nature of the fibres, confirmed by FTIR and XRD, indicating limited durability in humid environments. SEM revealed surface irregularities that may hinder fibre–matrix bonding, and EDX highlighted a high silicon content, potentially due to soil contamination. This study highlights the viability of banana fibre composites for indoor applications and biodegradable packaging, while recommending surface treatments to improve water resistance. These findings have practical, environmental, and policy implications for advancing natural fibre materials in sustainable development.