Mechanical and tribological behaviours of friction stir welding using various strengthening techniques

Abstract

The present study investigates the research conducted on friction stir welding of aluminium alloys AA6061. The experiments were conducted under optimal parametric settings, and the specimens were subsequently subjected to post-processing techniques such as heat treatment and shot peening. The enhancement of weldment strength is contingent upon secondary processing, eliminating internal stress and improving surface qualities. Subsequently, the weldment will undergo mechanical testing and tribometer testing. The conventional testing protocol was implemented to assess the hardness, yield, and tensile strength. The wear and friction test examined the effects of various process factors. The load conditions were set at 10, 30, 50, and 70 N, while the sliding distance was set at 700 m and 1400 m. The experiments were carried out in dry sliding conditions at room temperature and the resulting data were recorded as average values. The welded AA6061 samples exhibited superior hardness and ultimate tensile strength, with the highest average values observed after heat treatment and subsequent shot peening. Attributed to the strengthening effect and achieving an ultra-fine grain size. The results of this inquiry indicate that the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the welded sample were significantly increased by heat treatment and shot peening. In particular, when compared to the as-welded AA6061 aluminium alloy sample, the sample's yield and ultimate tensile strength were 39.49 % and 38.7 % greater, respectively. The tribometer test revealed that a rise in load and sliding distance results in an increase in wear rate and a drop in the coefficient of friction. Under a load of 70 N and a sliding distance of 1400 m. s, the heat-treated and shot-peened AA6061 specimen showed a 27.3 % lower wear rate and a 29.6 % lower coefficient of friction compared to the as-welded AA6061 specimen.