Managing Premature End-of-Life Vehicles in Import-Dependent Economies: The Case of Nairobi City County, Kenya

Abstract

Kenya is a major importer of second-hand vehicles, many of which become prematurely end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) due to road traffic accidents. Without robust regulations and institutional frameworks, these ELVs threaten environmental quality, public health, and urban sustainability. This study examines the management of premature ELVs through a cross-sectional mixed-methods case study of Nairobi City County. Data were collected through household and garage surveys, key informant interviews, focus group discussions and secondary sources. Findings reveal policy and legislative gaps, fragmented institutional mandates, and the dominance of informal recovery systems that prioritize economic value over environmental compliance. Although informal practices treat waste as a resource, they result in inefficient material recovery and environmental harm. The study proposes an integrated management framework incorporating circular economy principles, institutional coordination, and Extended Producer or Importer Responsibility mechanisms, including Advanced Recycling Fee to support sustainable financing and environmentally sound management of premature ELVs in import-dependent economies.