article
Background: Malaria in pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, partly driven by immune dysregulation and altered cytokine responses.Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines influence disease severity, yet their precise profiles in malaria-infected pregnant women remain incompletely characterized in malaria-endemic regions.Objective: To compare plasma cytokine levels (TNF, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-4) among malaria-infected pregnant women (MP+), malaria-uninfected pregnant women (MP-), and non-pregnant controls.Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study enrolled 150 participants (50 MP+, 50 MP-, and 50 nonpregnant controls) recruited in Owerri, Nigeria.Malaria infection was confirmed by Giemsa-stained thick and
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DOI: 10.9734/aji/2026/v9i1186
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