<b>How Predatory Animals Influence Small Ruminants’ Grazing Patterns in the Eastern Cape</b>

Abstract

Livestock farming in South Africa is a diverse and vital agricultural sector that incorporates both commercial and communal systems for cattle (beef and dairy), sheep, goats, and poultry. This sector is essential for food security and the overall livelihoods of rural communities. However, many farmers face the challenge of livestock predation, a prevalent issue across rangelands worldwide, which often necessitates investments in predator control measures to reduce economic losses. Therefore, this study aimed to assess how predatory animals influence small ruminants’ grazing patterns and communal rangeland utilisation in two villages (Matheko and eJojweni) within the Eastern Cape province. The study used a cross-sectional research design. A purposive sampling procedure was used to collect data from 83 livestock farmers using a semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were employed for the analysis, and the results revealed that smallholder livestock farmers in the study area pay around R1 500 per month per herder to guard their livestock. Results further show that predation is extensive and significantly affects small ruminant farmers, particularly those who rely on sheep and goats for both cultural and household livelihood needs. Findings also indicate that predation alters grazing behaviour by pushing livestock closer to homesteads and roadsides, increasing the risks of overgrazing, vehicle collisions, and further losses.