article · PLoS ONE
A scoping review mapped evidence on knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and preventative practices regarding COVID-19 across sub-Saharan Africa. Screening identified 28 relevant studies across nine countries, including Ethiopia, Nigeria, Cameroon, Uganda, Rwanda, Ghana, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan, and Sierra Leone. All included studies showed evidence that participants possessed adequate knowledge concerning the virus. However, only eleven studies documented positive attitudes towards the disease, and fifteen studies observed good preventative practices among participants. These findings indicate that while awareness of COVID-19 was widespread in the studied populations, factual understanding did not consistently translate into positive attitudes or consistent health behaviours. Consequently, additional educational programmes are required across the region to bridge the gap between knowledge and positive attitudes, reinforcing the adoption of sustained preventative measures to reduce viral transmission and infection.
Understanding how communities perceive and respond to public health emergencies is critical for designing effective control strategies. This synthesis demonstrates that providing factual health information alone is insufficient to guarantee safe practices. Governments and public health authorities can use these insights to design targeted communication campaigns that actively cultivate positive attitudes, rather than focusing solely on basic information dissemination.
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BACKGROUND: Knowledge, attitudes, perception, and preventative practices regarding coronavirus- 2019 (COVID-19) are crucial in its prevention and control. Several studies have noted that the majority of people in sub-Saharan African are noncompliant with proposed health and safety measures recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and respective country health departments. In most sub-Saharan African countries, noncompliance is attributable to ignorance and misinformation, thereby raising questions about people's knowledge, attitudes, perception, and practices towards COVID-19 in these settings. This situation is particularly of concern for governments and public health experts. Thus, this scoping review is aimed at mapping evidence on the knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and preventive practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). METHODS: Systematic searches of relevant articles were performed using databases such as the EBSCOhost, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, the WHO library and grey literature. Arksey and O'Malley's framework guided the study. The risk of bias for included primary studies was assessed using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT). NVIVO version 10 was used to analyse the data and a thematic content analysis was used to present the review's narrative account. RESULTS: A total of 3037 eligible studies were identified after the database search. Only 28 studies met the inclusion criteria after full article screening and were included for data extraction. Studies included populations from the following SSA countries: Ethiopia, Nigeria, Cameroon, Uganda, Rwanda, Ghana, Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan, and Sierra Leone. All the included studies showed evidence of knowledge related to COVID-19. Eleven studies showed that participants had a positive attitude towards COVID-19, and fifteen studies showed that participants had good practices towards COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the participants had adequate knowledge related to COVID-19. Despite adequate knowledge, the attitude was not always positive, thereby necessitating further education to convey the importance of forming a positive attitude and continuous preventive practice towards reducing contraction and transmission of COVID-19.
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DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249853
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