KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEPTIONS OF WESTERNIZED DIET, DIABETES MELLITUS, AND COGNITIVE HEALTH AMONG UNDERGRADUATE PHARMACOLOGY STUDENTS

Abstract

Many respondents believed that Westernized diets high in processed foods and refined sugars, along with poor blood sugar control, contribute to poorer cognitive outcomes. Diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder linked to such dietary patterns, has also been associated with memory impairment. This study investigated ‘Knowledge and Perceptions of Westernized Diet, Diabetes Mellitus, and Cognitive Health among Undergraduate Pharmacology Students.’ A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among 400-level pharmacology students at Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria. A sample size of 169 students was calculated using Cochran’s formula with finite population correction. Participants were selected using simple random sampling, and data were collected using a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire. Of the 169 students approached, 91 completed the survey, yielding a response rate of 53.8%. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and presented as frequencies and percentages. The majority of respondents were aged 21–23 years (53.8%), female (74.7%), and living off-campus (74.7%). Most participants (67.0%) were unaware of their family history of diabetes. A considerable proportion reported frequent (32.5%) or occasional (30.1%) consumption of Westernized diets. Regarding cognitive effects, 48.3% of respondents believed diet had either moderate or significant impact on memory. Poor blood sugar control was associated with concentration difficulties (25.3%), absent-mindedness (24.2%), and learning difficulties (18.7%). However, over half (55.7%) expressed neutral views about the role of diet in healthy living. The study highlighted the need for increased dietary awareness and lifestyle modifications to promote cognitive health among students. It recommends targeted interventions to enhance dietary choices and prevent metabolic disorders.