article · BIMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY GOMBE
An illite clay and silica nanocomposite was developed as an adsorbent to capture nickel, cadmium, and lead ions from aqueous solution. Laboratory evaluation achieved high removal efficiencies at five parts per million using a zero point four gram dose, extracting ninety-eight point four percent of nickel, ninety-three point one five percent of cadmium, and ninety-three point two three percent of lead. Equilibrium analysis demonstrated that nickel adsorption aligned well with both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, while cadmium uptake fit the Freundlich model. Adsorption kinetics for all three metal ions followed a pseudo-second-order rate law. Thermodynamic analysis determined positive enthalpy values between twenty-five point two and thirty-eight point four kilojoules per mole, indicating an endothermic reaction. Positive entropy values contributed to negative free energy changes, confirming that the adsorption process is spontaneous across all three tested metals.
Heavy metal contamination in wastewater poses persistent hazards to natural ecosystems and human health. Identifying inexpensive, efficient, and eco-friendly materials to capture these pollutants is vital for sustainable water remediation. This research proves that a composite derived from illite clay and silica can spontaneously extract hazardous heavy metals from solution, offering fundamental data to support the design of low-cost water treatment media.
This work represents early-stage laboratory research evaluated in controlled aqueous solutions. The material could eventually serve industrial wastewater treatment facilities or municipal effluent processors targeting heavy metal extraction. Progressing towards practical use would require evaluating performance in complex real-world effluents, assessing media regeneration and lifecycle costs, and scaling up the synthesis of the nanocomposite.
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Heavy metals in their elemental form as well as chemical form pose a threat to nature. There is the need therefore to explore and develop a simple, efficient, inexpensive and more eco-friendly method for removing these heavy metals from the environment and waste water to their permissible limits. Illilite clay - silica nanocomposite was successfully synthesized as the adsorbent for the removal of Ni2+,Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions from aqueous solution. The optimum percentage removal of Ni2+,Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions were 98.4, 93.15 and 93.23 % respectively, at 5 ppm with 0.4g adsorbent dose. Equilibrium data were subjected to Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models in which the adsorption of Nickel fitted well with both models with correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9852 and 0.9956 while Cadmium fitted well only with the Freundlich model with Correlation Coefficient (R2) of 0.9967. The kinetics or adsorption process was tested with pseudo first order and pseudo second rate laws. The kinetic studies followed pseudo-second order kinetics for all the three metal ions studied. The standard (H) enthalpy changes were found to be: 35.7, 25.2 and 38.4 kJ/mol for Ni2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ respectively, hence indicate an endothermic process of adsorption. The standard entropy changes (S for Ni2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ were also respectively found to be 0.1240,, 0.0878 and 0.1326 kJ/ mol/1 thus resulting into negative free energy changes and spontaneous adsorption processes for the removal of all the metal ions. The work has shown that enriched rich husk with silica nanoparticles is an efficient devise for the removal of the heavy metals studied.
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DOI: 10.64290/bima.v9i3a.1344
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