article · Scientific Reports
Water pollution caused by industrial dyes poses widespread environmental challenges. Forsterite nanoparticles were produced using a sol-gel method and calcined at various temperatures to identify the optimum conditions for yielding pure material. Following characterisation with techniques including X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and surface area analysis, the nanoparticles were tested for their ability to adsorb Evans blue dye from aqueous solutions. In batch experiments conducted at ambient temperature, operational parameters including agitation speed, nanoparticle dosage, pH, and contact time were evaluated. The material achieved approximately 100 percent dye removal within 10 minutes under conditions of pH 3, a dosage of 1 gram per litre, and an agitation speed of 600 revolutions per minute. The nanoparticles remained functional across three usage cycles with a 90 percent removal rate. Analysis confirmed that the adsorption behaviour follows Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models.
Industrial dyes such as Evans blue are prevalent water contaminants that resist conventional treatment. Demonstrating that synthesised mineral nanoparticles can rapidly extract these pollutants from water, while retaining high efficiency across multiple uses, supports the development of more effective and reusable materials for industrial wastewater remediation.
This technology could be applied to industrial wastewater treatment facilities dealing with dye-contaminated effluents, particularly in sectors such as textile manufacturing. The demonstrated reusability over three cycles offers potential operational cost savings. However, because the findings reflect early-stage laboratory batch experiments on synthetic solutions, further testing in complex, real-world effluent streams is necessary to determine commercial viability.
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In the present day, water treatment has emerged as a significant global concern, particularly due to the proliferation of pollution sources. The utilization of dyes, such as Evans blue, in several industries is among the most significant contributors to these pollutants. Forsterite nanoparticles were synthesized by the sol-gel technique and calcined at different temperatures to determine the optimum temperature at which pure nanoforsterite was obtained. Then, it was analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) , contact angle, and zero-point charge. The adsorption capability of forsterite nanoparticles (Nps) was evaluated by a batch adsorption experimental method to remove Evans blue dye (EBD). Parameters such as agitation speed, dosage of forsterite Nps, pH, and contact time were considered at ambient temperature. At pH = 3, dose of Nps = 1 g/L, and 600 rpm within 10 min, the results indicated a removal rate of around 100%. Furthermore, it was shown that the material may be employed for 3 cycles with a removal rate of 90%. Multiple kinetic and isotherm models, including Langmuir, Temkin, and Freundlich models, were used to analyze the results and clarify the mechanism of the adsorption phenomena. The findings from the isotherm and kinetic studies indicated that the system conforms to Langmuir and pseudo-second-order, respectively.
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DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-73697-x
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