Isolation, Characterization, and Growth Kinetics of Rat Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Omental and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue: A Comparative Study.

Abstract

Background: Adipose tissue has received significant attention in stem cell research as a potential therapy for regenerative medicine. Researchers have examined the distinctions between omental adipose-derived stem cells (O-ASCs) and subcutaneous adipose-derived stem cells (SC-ASCs). The current work aims to isolate, culture, and evaluate the growth dynamics of rat O-ASCs and SC-ASCs. Materials and Methods: O-ASCs and SC-ASCs were isolated from twenty four adult male albino rats, cultivated, and enlarged across five passages. The biological features of O-ASCs and SC-ASCs were assessed using cell morphology, flow cytometry, the colony-forming unit-fibroblast assay, proliferation capability at passages 2, 3, and 5, population doubling time (PDT), and cell growth curves. Results: Showed that O-ASCs produced considerably more yield than SC-ASCs. The majority of the cells assumed a fibroblast-like morphology. SC-ASCs often have a longer population-doubling time than O-ASCs. O-ASCs outperformed SC-ASCs in terms of clonogenic activity and growth curve features. O-ASCs expressed the particular mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) marker (CD34) at a higher level than SC-ASCs (31% and 16.7%, respectively), although CD 105 expression in O-ASCs was lower than that in SC-ASCs (39.2% and 90.3%, respectively). Conclusion: O-ASCs outperform SC-ASCs in terms of clonogenic activity, PDT, and growth curve features, but they have a shorter proliferative potential. Growth kinetics differ between stem cells produced from adipose depots of various anatomical regions, which should be addressed when selecting a stem cell source for a particular clinical application.