Iron levels and Associated Factors Among Preterm Delivered Infants in Five Selected Health Facilities in Mwanza Region, Northwestern Tanzania

Abstract

<i>Background</i>: It is estimated that, in Tanzania 11percent of babies are born prematurely each year. Preterm delivered infants are more prone to iron deficiency because most of mother to child iron transfer occurs in the third trimester. <i>Methods</i>: This was a hospital based cross sectional study, conducted in five selected health facilities in Mwanza city. Three hundred and fifty preterm delivered infants aged 6 to 30 weeks were included in the study. Participants’ information was obtained by using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. To determine body iron level, blood was collected to measure serum ferritin, full blood picture and C reactive protein. <i>Results</i>: In every 100 infants, 20 had low iron levels, 1 had latent iron deficiency, 3 had iron deficiency and 9 had iron deficiency anemia. Increase in infant’s age and complementary feeding with cow’s milk were significantly associated with iron deficiency anemia. In addition, hemoglobin level and mean corpuscular volume in combination is not a good alternative of serum ferritin in diagnosing low iron. <i>Recommendations</i>: Food fortification with iron and iron supplementation among preterm delivered infants are needed to prevent iron deficiency among these infants. Further studies to determine why older preterm delivered infants are more prone to iron deficiency anemia including type of food they eat are needed. Hemoglobin level and mean corpuscular volume can be used to rule out those without low iron but not to diagnose those with low iron level.