article · Electronics
The global agricultural sector faces major pressures from population growth, climate change, and natural disasters, all of which threaten food security. Combining the Internet of Things with artificial intelligence offers an approach to tackle these issues through data-driven decisions, optimised resource allocation, and advanced monitoring and control systems. Through a systematic literature review conducted under PRISMA 2020 guidelines, the research assesses how these two technologies interact within precision agriculture. The review synthesises existing literature across diverse farming practices to map current trends, persistent challenges, and emerging opportunities. By evaluating the synergies between connected sensor networks and intelligent analytical tools, the review provides an overview of how digital solutions can modernise farming operations, improve resource efficiency, and support more sustainable and productive agricultural systems.
Meeting the food demands of a growing global population under shifting climate conditions requires more efficient and sustainable farming methods. Understanding how digital sensors and intelligent algorithms function together helps researchers and practitioners pinpoint where technological solutions can best protect food production, reduce resource waste, and improve operational control across farming environments.
The review maps applications of smart sensors and artificial intelligence across varied farming practices, offering insight for agricultural technology developers seeking to build automated monitoring, control, and resource allocation tools. Because the work is a systematic literature review rather than a product trial, it provides an evidence base of existing use cases, challenges, and trends rather than demonstrating a specific technology at a defined readiness level.
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The global agricultural sector confronts significant obstacles such as population growth, climate change, and natural disasters, which negatively impact food production and pose a threat to food security. In response to these challenges, the integration of IoT and AI technologies emerges as a promising solution, facilitating data-driven decision-making, optimizing resource allocation, and enhancing monitoring and control systems in agricultural operations to address these challenges and promote sustainable farming practices. This study examines the intersection of IoT and AI in precision agriculture (PA), aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of their combined impact and mutually reinforcing relationship. Employing a systematic literature review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines, we explore the synergies and transformative potential of integrating IoT and AI in agricultural systems. The review also aims to identify present trends, challenges, and opportunities in utilizing IoT and AI in agricultural systems. Diverse forms of agricultural practices are scrutinized to discern the applications of IoT and AI systems. Through a critical analysis of existing literature, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of how the integration of IoT and AI technologies can revolutionize PA, resulting in improved efficiency, sustainability, and productivity in the agricultural sector.
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DOI: 10.3390/electronics13101894
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