IoT-Based Aircraft Parking System with Pre-Landing Pilot Interaction via Web Interface

Abstract

This paper presents a proof-of-concept, Wi-Fienabled smart aircraft parking system based on the ESP32 microcontroller to improve ground handling efficiency and security. The system uses ultrasonic sensors for dynamic slot detection, a PIR sensor with a servo motor for aircraft arrival recognition and guidance, and environmental sensors to monitor temperature, humidity, and rainfall. A browser-based web interface enables pilots and ground staff to monitor slot availability and environmental conditions in real time. Experimental trials demonstrate functional slot prioritization, motion-triggered aircraft detection, and web-based visualization of parking states, including full, partial, or empty slot availability, as well as weather conditions. Designed with modularity and scalability in mind, the proposed prototype system offers an accessible and adaptable solution for small to mid-sized airfields, particularly in resource-constrained environments.