Investigating the potential of graphene to enhance concrete performance

Abstract

This research evaluated graphene as a functional additive to improve the performance of cementitious composites. It aimed to assess the effect of graphene powder on concrete's mechanical behavior and optimize the mix design. Graphene powder was incorporated into concrete mixtures at dosages ranging from 0.1% to 0.5% by mass of cement. A series of standardized laboratory tests was performed, including compressive strength and flexural measurements in accordance with ASTM C39 and C78 accordingly. Microstructural and chemical characterization of both the graphene and the graphene-modified concrete was conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Water absorption tests were performed to assess permeability-related properties, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was employed to investigate the distribution and dispersion of graphene within the cementitious matrix. At the optimal graphene dosage with 0.4% by cement weight, the compressive strength reached 25.16 N/mm² at 7 days and 37.75 N/mm² at 28 days, while the corresponding flexural strengths were 2.985 N/mm² and 4.47 N/mm², respectively. XRD analysis confirmed the successful incorporation of graphene, as indicated by a characteristic diffraction peak at approximately 26.5°. Water absorption results showed a reduction in permeability, implying improved resistance to fluid ingress and enhanced durability. It shows that graphene can reduce cement, supporting more sustainable construction.