Investigating the Phytochemical Profile and Safety of <i>Musanga cecropioides</i> Root Extracts: An <i>In Vivo</i> Evaluation in Rats

Abstract

Originating in Africa, Musanga cecropioides (MC) possesses a rich heritage of application in indigenous medicinal systems. This study investigates the phytochemical makeup of MC root extracts and their safety profile in rats. Hydromethanolic (Me70) and aqueous (Aq) extracts of MC roots were prepared using standard techniques. The plant was screened for the presence of bioactive secondary metabolites with potential bioactivity. Acute toxicity was assessed through oral administration of varying doses (10, 1000, and 5000 mg/kg) to rats over two weeks. Sub-acute toxicity was assessed through a repeated-dose oral gavage study using escalating doses (500, 1000, and 2500 mg/kg) administered daily for 28 days. Clinical signs, biochemical markers, and histological examination were employed to assess toxicity in both experiments. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of promising chemical constituents within the MC root extracts. Notably, Rats exhibited no adverse effects or behavioural changes following oral administration of the test substance (0-1000 mg/kg), indicating no acute toxicity within this dose range. Sub-acute toxicity testing in rats demonstrated no adverse clinical symptoms, significant biochemical changes, or histological abnormalities at doses up to 2500 mg/kg (compared to controls, p<0.05). Based on the experiment, the LD50 of MCr Aq extract is 1000 mg/kgwhile the LD50 for MCr Me70 extract is 5000 mg/kg. This study demonstrates a lack of apparent toxic effects in animals treated with MC Me70 root extracts, suggesting its potential safety in animal models at doses up to 2500 mg/kg. Further research is warranted to explore the efficacy of these extracts for their intended therapeutic applications. Major Findings: Phytochemical analysis: Musanga cecropioides (MC) root extracts contain promising chemical constituents with potential bioactivity. Acute and sub-acute toxicity: Oral administration of MC root extracts showed no adverse effects in rats at doses up to 2500 mg/kg, indicating a lack of apparent toxic effects. Safety profile: The LD50 of the substance exceeded 2500 mg/kg, suggesting potential safety in animal models at doses up to 2500 mg/kg.