Interaction between the Microalgae Cultivation System and Its Effects on Nutrient Removal from Wastewater

Abstract

The issue of water is inseparable from sustainable development in that water must meet the needs of future generations. Strong population growth coupled with uncontrolled urbanization inevitably leads to the production of large volumes of solid and liquid waste, including domestic wastewater. As a result, the degradation of the environment and increasingly limited resources are caused by the uncontrolled release of these wastes into nature. In view of the increasing scarcity of water, several technologies and techniques are put in place to ensure water self-sufficiency and the rational management of this resource. In view of the irreversible situation of drought which has persisted for several decades, domestic wastewater must undergo adequate treatment so that the treated water can be reused in agriculture for irrigation in order to fill the gap and free up conventional resources for drinking water. The use of microalgae seemed ideal for two particular reasons: They are abundant in marine ecosystems and have remarkable biological diversity. In this context, our work proposes an alternative technology that has a viable economic character to wastewater treatment based on the cultivation of microalgae; it also sheds light on the technique of nutrient removal by microalgae.