Integrated Seismic and Gravity Assessment of Geothermal Potential in the Artu Prospective Area, Afar Depression, Ethiopia

Abstract

ABSTRACT This study investigates the geothermal potential of the Artu prospect area within the Afar Depression by integrating high‐resolution full‐tensor gravity gradiometry (FTG) and two‐dimensional seismic reflection data. The FTG results highlight distinct gravity anomalies across the Adigala Basin, reflecting subsurface density contrasts associated with volcanic intrusions, complex fault systems and sedimentary layering. Seismic profiles reveal NNW–SSE‐trending normal faults that define the structural architecture of the basin and constrain the distribution of magmatic bodies and sedimentary sequences at depths ranging from 1.5 to 4.2 km, with two‐way travel times between 1.2 and 3.6 s. These fault systems, characterised by vertical displacements of up to 150 m, intersect with shallow magmatic intrusions, forming zones of enhanced permeability, key conduits for geothermal fluid migration. Thick porous Mesozoic sedimentary formations, interlayered with magmatic sills, emerge as promising geothermal reservoirs. Basin‐centred faults (BCFs), aligned with the Goba Magma Chamber (GMC), appear to play a critical role in heat transport and fluid circulation. The findings underscore the value of integrated gravity and seismic data to delineate fault‐volcanic intersections and identify viable geothermal targets. This integrated approach provides a solid foundation for future geothermal exploration in rift‐related settings such as the Adigala Basin.