Integrated pest management practices and pesticide residue in okra among farmers in Kwara State

Abstract

<title>Abstract</title> Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a sustainable approach to minimize the negative impacts of pests on crops while reducing the reliance on synthetic pesticides. This study was conducted in Kwara State Nigeria in 2023, to investigate the implementation of IPM practices and the occurrence of pesticide residues in okra among the farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria. A sample of 245 okra farmers were selected across 4 agricultural zones of Kwara State using a multistage sampling technique. An interview schedule was used to collect information from the farmers. Also, okra samples were collected from the farmers from each community of the Local Government Areas sampled. Data collected from the farmers were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics including frequency count, percentage, mean, standard deviation and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC). The Okra samples collected were taken to the laboratory for pesticide residue extraction using quick, easy, cheap effective rugged and safe (QuEChERS) technique and analysis was done using Gas Chromatography (GS)-Gas Mass spectrometer (MS). Results showed that most okra producers in Kwara State were smallholder farmers who, although practicing IPM, have limited knowledge of the technology. Some pesticide residues were detected in okra, two of which were present in quantities above the maximum residue limit, while others had quantities below the maximum residue limit. Therefore, This study recommends that the government improve extension services in the State by providing adequate funds and training extension agents who will provide comprehensive training to farmers on the types and application of IPM as an eco-friendly technology for preventing pesticide residue in okra.