Integrated Assessment of Geothermal Potential along the Atlantic Margin: Insights from Southern Morocco

Abstract

Summary Morocco, facing significant energy needs and heavy reliance on imported fossil fuels, has set an ambitious target to achieve 52% of its energy mix from renewables by 2030. Among solar, wind, and hydropower, geothermal energy has been prioritized as a sustainable alternative, with the National Office of Hydrocarbons and Mines (ONHYM) leading efforts to assess its potential. This study evaluates geothermal resources in the Southern Provinces, particularly within the Tarfaya–Laâyoune– Dakhla basin. An integrated methodology was adopted, combining geological, geophysical, and hydrogeochemical analyses to identify three promising zones: Jraifia, Dakhla–El Argoub, and Boujdour–Lamsid. Fieldwork involved sampling and analyzing 135 water and gas samples from 34 sites, mapping geothermal gradients, and determining heat flow density. A conceptual model was developed, integrating key geological structures, thermal properties, and fluid characteristics. This model offers a detailed understanding of the geothermal systems, highlighting the interactions between subsurface geology, heat transfer mechanisms, and fluid circulation. It also delineates areas of significant geothermal potential. The study provides a foundation for targeted exploration and sustainable development of geothermal resources, supporting Morocco’s transition to renewable energy while fostering energy independence in the Southern Provinces.