dataset · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
This deposit provides a complete dataset and reproducible generator for analysing carbon-aware predictive dispatch in grid-connected hybrid renewable energy systems. The modelled setup combines a 50 kW solar array, a 60 kW wind turbine, and a 100 kWh battery operating under a four-period time-of-use tariff. When export remuneration equals the off-peak import tariff at 0.08 euros per kilowatt-hour, charging from local surplus or the overnight grid carries identical costs despite grid energy having twice the carbon intensity. A strictly cost-minimising controller is therefore indifferent across dispatch policies whose annual emissions vary by 10.6 percent. Introducing a carbon shadow price of 0.02 euros per kilogram resolves this indifference, reducing annual emissions by 10.6 percent and annual operating costs by 2.7 percent. The open generator reproduces synthetic operational profiles across three distinct operating regimes.
Time-of-use electricity tariffs can unintentionally create market signals where charging batteries from fossil-heavy night grids costs the same as using clean local power. Demonstrating that standard cost optimisation can overlook significant carbon emissions helps energy planners and system designers correct control logic, lowering both carbon footprints and operational costs without requiring tariff restructuring.
The findings are relevant to energy management software vendors, microgrid developers, and aggregators designing control software for commercial hybrid renewable plants. Because the deposit comprises synthetic profiles and algorithmic modelling in MATLAB rather than physical deployment, this work represents early-stage, simulation-tested research that requires pilot testing on real microgrid hardware before commercial adoption.
AI-generated from the published abstract. Always read the original work before citing.
This deposit contains the complete input dataset and a reproducible generator for a study of carbon-aware risk-constrained stochastic predictive dispatch in a grid-connected hybrid renewable plant comprising a 50 kW photovoltaic array, a 60 kW wind turbine and a 100 kWh lithium-ion battery operating under a four-period time-of-use tariff. The associated study identifies a degeneracy in the price signal. Export remuneration and the off-peak import tariff are both 0.08 EUR/kWh, so charging the battery from local surplus and charging it from the overnight grid carry identical cost while differing by a factor of two in carbon intensity. A cost-minimising controller is therefore indifferent across a set of dispatch policies whose annual emissions differ by 10.6 percent. Admitting a carbon shadow price of 0.02 EUR/kg resolves the indifference and lowers annual emissions by 10.6 percent and annual operating cost by 2.7 percent at the same time. The coincidence of the two prices is a property of the deposited tariff rather than an oversight, and it is the object of the study. The generator, HRES_Dataset_Generator.m, regenerates every exogenous input: the ground-truth photovoltaic, wind and demand profiles for three weather regimes; the tariff with its period index; the export price; the diurnal grid carbon intensity; and the Monte Carlo forecast uncertainty ensembles. The profiles reproduce bit-for-bit under the seeding protocol documented in the README. It requires base MATLAB R2024a with no toolboxes. The deposit also contains the numerical results underlying every table and figure of the associated article and its supplementary file: ten comma-separated result files covering comparative performance, paired significance tests, annualised techno-economics, scenario reduction fidelity, forecast-error stress response, non-anticipativity ablation, carbon accounting under two conventions, the cost-carbon frontier, risk-measure degeneracy and the lifecycle carbon assessment; the per-seed campaign record over 30 independent realisations in each of three regimes; and thirty-four vector figures, seventeen of which appear in the article and seventeen in the supplementary file. All profiles are synthetic. They are constructed to span surplus-dominated, deficit-dominated and volatility-dominated operation rather than to reproduce any specific location, and the grid carbon intensity is an average-factor model.
This page summarises published work. The authoritative version sits with the publisher.
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21874939
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