Inclusive assessment of a pilot rural sanitation project from a human rights and gender perspective

Abstract

This study presents an evaluation of an ecological sanitation initiative in the villages of Assaka and Akal Melloulne, in the Commune of Ouijjane, Province of Tiznit, Morocco. The project sought to enhance rural living conditions by implementing sustainable wastewater management systems based on constructed wetlands. Employing a participatory and gender-sensitive methodology, including field surveys, focus groups, and stakeholder interviews, the evaluation demonstrates significant improvements in environmental health and reductions in household sanitation burdens, particularly for women. The project also fostered strong social ownership. The reed bed treatment systems achieved high purification efficiency, and satisfaction rates were high, with 87% of Assaka and 90% of Akal Melloulne residents expressing positive views. Reported outcomes included improved hygiene, reduced odors, and enhanced quality of life. Strong community engagement and willingness to support future initiatives indicate robust local ownership. Additionally, the reuse of treated water for agriculture supports local economic activities. Despite these successes, further efforts are needed to increase women's participation in income-generating activities. Overall, the project offers a scalable model for rural ecological sanitation in arid regions, contributing to SDGs 5 and 6 (Gender Equality and Clean Water and Sanitation) and aligning with Morocco’s National Sustainable Development Strategy.