article · Plants
This research evaluates the use of copper sulphate in tissue culture media to improve the micropropagation and acclimatisation of banana plants. Researchers tested four concentrations of copper sulphate to observe its effects on bacterial contamination, plant growth, mineral uptake, and genetic stability. Adding copper sulphate at sixty milligrams per litre completely stopped the growth of endophytic bacteria. For growth performance, a lower concentration of thirty milligrams per litre supported optimal shoot numbers, enhanced root length, and led to a one hundred percent survival rate during plant acclimatisation. The copper treatments also improved mineral uptake and antioxidant enzyme activity, although chlorophyll levels declined. Genetic testing confirmed that nearly all regenerated plantlets maintained their genetic stability, showing that controlled copper additions can support clean, viable banana propagation.
Banana cultivation often relies on tissue culture to produce uniform, disease-free planting stocks at scale. However, bacterial contamination inside plant tissues can ruin cultures. Demonstrating that copper sulphate can suppress bacterial contaminants while ensuring healthy root development and high survival rates helps refine propagation methods, ensuring farmers receive hardy, genetically stable planting materials.
This research offers an applied protocol for commercial plant tissue culture laboratories and agricultural nurseries producing banana planting material. By adjusting copper levels to eliminate bacterial contamination and improve acclimatisation survival, operators can reduce production losses. The findings represent applied, laboratory-tested research that can be directly integrated into existing commercial micropropagation workflows without needing novel hardware or complex infrastructure.
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Developing a successful protocol for banana in vitro culture is a guarantee for the mass propagation of pathogen-free, high-quality, true-to-type planting materials with low production costs. The current work aimed to investigate the influence of increasing copper levels in an MS medium on endophytic bacterial contamination; shoot multiplication; rooting and the acclimatization of in vitro cultured banana; minerals and chlorophyll content; antioxidant enzymes activity; electrolyte leakage; and the genetic stability of banana regenerants. Four different concentrations of copper sulphate (0.025 as a control, and 30, 60, and 120 mg L<sup>-1</sup>) were examined. The growth of the endophytic bacteria was inhibited at 60 mg L<sup>-1</sup> of copper sulphate which recorded zero contamination, without a significant difference at 120 mg L<sup>-1</sup>. However, 0.025 mg L<sup>-1</sup> of copper sulphate was optimal for the maximum shoot number and shoot length (10 shoots and 6 cm, respectively) without significant differences at 30 mg L<sup>-1</sup>. The root length of banana plantlets was significantly enhanced at 30 mg L<sup>-1</sup> of copper sulphate but without significant differences to the control, regarding the number of roots (9.92 cm and 3.80 roots, respectively). In vitro plants were acclimatized successfully at 30 mg L<sup>-1</sup> of copper sulphate with 100% survival. The uptake of minerals, antioxidant enzyme activity and electrolyte leakage was improved because of the copper sulphate, but the chlorophyll level decreased. RAPD profiling showed polymorphism in only one plant treated with 60 mg L<sup>-1</sup> of copper sulphate, with an average of 1.8%. The genome template stability percentage was almost 100% for all treated plants.
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DOI: 10.3390/plants10091853
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