Improvement of root architecture, Pb, Cu and Zn uptake, translocation and phytoremediation efficiency of barley ( <i>Hordeum vulgare</i> ) through the application of biochar and sheep manure

Abstract

≥1). According to the Dickson quality index and tolerance index, barley plants showed a high tolerance for metals in soil. Biochar and manure were effective in reducing the negative effects of metals such as Cd and Pb on barley plants. Moreover, helps to increase the accumulation of Zn and Cu in barley roots and shoots. Our findings provide insight into the potential of biochar and manure to enhance crop production under metal stress, leading to the assurance of food supply and sustainable agriculture under stressful conditions. However, future research is highly needed, focusing on a field scale and testing metals' long-term effects on crop productivity and grain accumulation in contaminated soil.