Implementation of School-Based Sexual Health Curriculum in Tanzania: Perspectives of Secondary School Adolescents in Southern Highlands

Abstract

This study investigates how adolescents in the Iringa Region of Tanzania perceive the sexual health education curricula currently taught in secondary schools. Utilizing a quantitative, cross-sectional design, the study involved 372 adolescents who filled out survey questionnaires. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics to provide insights into their views. Most participants (95%) were between 15 and 19 years old, with a composition of 64% females and 36% males. About 57.3% were day scholars, while 42.7% were boarders, and the religious composition included 87.4% Christians and 11.3% Muslims. The results showed that 77.7% of adolescents reported receiving sexual health education, which covered many critical topics but notably excluded homosexuality. The study found good comprehension of topics like the reproductive system, puberty, and sexually transmitted diseases, but identified significant gaps in understanding family planning, sexual orientation, and responsible behaviors. Additionally, many adolescents suggested that topics such as confidence in relationships, puberty, sexual health, and behavior should be introduced as early as primary school. The conclusion drawn from the findings is that while sexual health education is implemented in secondary schools within the studied areas, the coverage of topics is incomplete. The study recommends the development of an age-appropriate, comprehensive sexuality education curriculum that addresses the full spectrum of necessary topics to equip adolescents with the knowledge and skills required for making informed decisions related to their sexual health.