article · Scientific Reports
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell stacks offer a viable clean energy alternative for local power consumers, providing high power density, rapid startup, and effective heat and water management at low operating temperatures. However, their use is hindered by low output voltage, excessive current, and non-linear power generation. To resolve these voltage challenges, a wide input operation single switch boost converter is applied to enhance the load voltage profile, minimise current ripples, and maintain a consistent voltage conversion ratio. In addition, an intelligent controller that combines the Grey Wolf optimisation algorithm with fuzzy logic methodology is introduced to track the maximum power point and linearise the fuel stack output. The complete converter and control configuration was tested and analysed through MATLAB simulation software.
Renewable power systems must provide stable electricity to users without relying solely on weather-dependent options like solar energy. By combining a specialised step-up converter with an intelligent control algorithm, this design tackles the low voltage and variable power production inherent to fuel cells. This helps make hydrogen fuel cells a more practical and reliable alternative for local electricity delivery.
This research is relevant to manufacturers of fuel cell power electronics and developers of local off-grid energy systems seeking improved power conditioning. As the design was investigated solely using MATLAB simulation software, it remains at an early stage of research. Moving towards commercialisation will require building physical hardware prototypes to validate efficiency, component stress, and real-world control response under actual load variations.
AI-generated from the published abstract. Always read the original work before citing.
As of now, there are multiple types of renewable energy sources available in nature which are hydro, wind, tidal, and solar. Among all of that the solar energy source is used in many applications because of its features are low maitainence cost, less human power for handling, a clean source, more availability in nature, and reduced carbon emissions. However, the disadvantages of solar networks are continuously depending on the weather conditions, high complexity of the solar energy storage, and lots of installation place is required. So, in this work, the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Stack (PEMFS) is utilized for supplying the power to the local consumers. The merits of this fuel stack are high power density, ability to work at very less temperature values, efficient heat maintenance, and water management. Also, this fuel stack gives a quick startup response. The only demerit of PEMFS is excessive current production, plus very less output voltage. To optimize the current supply of the fuel stack, a Wide Input Operation Single Switch Boost Converter (WIOSSBC) circuit is placed across the fuel stack output to improve the load voltage profile. The advantages of the WIOSSBC are less current ripples, uniform voltage supply, plus good voltage conversion ratio. Another issue of the fuel stack is nonlinear power production. To linearize the issue of fuel stack, the Grey Wolf Algorithm Dependent Fuzzy Logic Methodology (GWADFLM) is introduced in this article for maintaining the operating point of the fuel cell near to Maximum Power Point (MPP) place. The entire system is investigated by utilizing the MATLAB software.
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DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53763-0
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