Impact of Weft Yarn Structure and Fiber Type on Weft Yarn Velocity and Twist Loss in Air-Jet Weaving: A Critical Review

Abstract

Air-jet weaving is an innovative weaving technique that uses friction between the yarn surface and air stream to propel the weft yarn. The interaction between the yarn surface and air is complex and affects weft yarn motion. Understanding the factors influencing this interaction is crucial for optimizing the weft yarn speed and twist loss in air jet weaving. This critical evaluation examined the impact of weft yarn structures such as yarn count, twist, hairiness, volume, and fiber types such as cotton and polyester on weft yarn speed and twist loss. The findings revealed that both the yarn structure and fiber type significantly impact the twist loss and insertion time during air jet weft insertion. Factors such as hairiness, volume, linear density, fiber type, and twist level were found to significantly affect the twist loss and weft yarn velocity. High hairiness and thin yarns exhibited higher velocity but greater twist losses, whereas highly twisted yarns demonestrated lower velocity and higher twist loss. Additionally, polyester yarns showed a lower velocity and experienced more twist loss than cotton yarns. These insights can assist textile manufacturers in optimizing the air-jet weaving parameters to improve weft yarn insertion and overall fabric quality.