Impact of Trichomonas Vaginalis Infection on Spontaneous Preterm Labour in Lagos, Nigeria: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

<title>Abstract</title> <bold>Background: </bold>Preterm labour (PTL) leading to preterm birth is a grave complication of pregnancy that attracts long-term medical and social sequelae. However, there is still a paucity of data on the impact of <italic>Trichomonas vaginalis</italic> infection on PTL especially among women in sub-Saharan Africa. <bold>Objective:</bold> This study determined the association between <italic>T. vaginalis</italic> infection and PTL among pregnant women in Lagos, Southwest, Nigeria using a molecular-based rapid antigen detection technique to diagnose <italic>T. vaginalis</italic> infection. <bold>Methods:</bold> This was a multicenter analytical cross-sectional study carried out among parturients managed in the labour ward units of three hospitals in Lagos, Southwest Nigeria between April and December 2019. High vaginal swab samples were collected from n=105 pregnant women with PTL and an equal number of women who had term labour between April and December 2019. <italic>T. vaginalis</italic>Antigen Rapid test was used for the detection of <italic>T. vaginalis</italic> in the vaginal samples. Multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were used to control for all potential confounders in the association between <italic>T. vaginalis</italic> infection of PTL. Statistical significance was reported at <italic>p</italic>&lt;0.05. <bold>Results:</bold> The prevalence of <italic>T. vaginalis</italic> infection was significantly higher in women with PTL compared to those with term labour (12.4% vs. 2.9%, <italic>p</italic>=0.009). On adjustments for age, parity, booking and educational status, abnormal vaginal discharge and occurrence of prelabour rupture of membranes, there was no association between <italic>T. vaginalis</italic> infection and PTL (adjusted Odds ratio = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.10–9.29). <bold>Conclusions:</bold> The study showed no independent association between <italic>T. vaginalis</italic> and PTL<bold>. </bold>We recommend that future longitudinal studies should be conducted within combined clinical and community settings to further investigate this relationship and explore the impact of coinfections or interactions between other local or systemic pathogens and <italic>T. vaginalis</italic> infection on PTL.