Impact of Rheological Parameters and Concrete Properties on Self‐Compacting Concrete Pressure Exerted on Formwork

Abstract

This study presents an in‐depth experimental investigation into how key rheological parameters—yield stress and plastic viscosity—and the air content of self‐compacting concrete (SCC) influence the lateral and vertical pressures exerted on formwork. Twenty‐one SCC mixtures were formulated with systematically varied rheological and fresh‐state characteristics. Pressure measurements were obtained using a vertical channel equipped with flush‐mounted sensors. Peak pressures reached 113.92 kPa (midheight) and 176.43 kPa (base), particularly in low‐viscosity, low‐yield stress, and high‐air‐content mixtures that exhibited near‐hydrostatic behavior. Statistical regression analyses revealed strong inverse correlations between pressure and both yield stress ( R 2 = 0.89) and plastic viscosity ( R 2 = 0.91). A positive correlation was found between pressure and air content ( R 2 > 0.95), suggesting that increased air entrainment compromises the structural buildup of SCC. These findings demonstrate the critical role of rheological and air‐related parameters in shaping pressure evolution, offering a basis for mix optimization and safe, efficient formwork design.