Impact of modeling resin application techniques on the color stability and fluoride release from Giomer restorative material (an in vitro study)

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: This in vitro study evaluated the effects of resin application methods on the color stability and fluoride release of a Giomer-based restorative material. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-two Beautifil LS Giomer specimens were divided into three Groups (n = 24; 12 for each test): surface modeling resin, interlayer modeling resin, and no resin (control). Baseline color and color change (ΔE00) after 14 days of coffee immersion (15 minutes, twice daily) were measured with a spectrophotometer. Fluoride release was measured by ion chromatography and recorded over 28 days. One-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test and paired t-tests were used for statistical analysis, with significance at p < 0.05. RESULTS: At baseline, modeling resin application significantly influenced Giomer color parameters, with lower lightness values observed in the modeling resin Groups compared with the control (p < 0.05). After aging, surface modeling resin application showed significantly lower color changes and ΔE00 values than the control, with no significant difference between the two modeling resin techniques. Fluoride release over 28 days was comparable among Groups (p > 0.05), and no significant correlation was found between fluoride release and color change. CONCLUSION: Modeling resin affects baseline Giomer color and enhances color stability without impairing fluoride release, with no correlation between optical changes and fluoride release. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Modeling resin application alters the baseline color characteristics of Giomer restorations, highlighting the importance of accurate shade selection. Surface application significantly improves color stability and resistance to staining without compromising fluoride release.