Impact of Migration of Africans on Selected Lifestyle Indices: A Comparison of Inter-Intra Continental Migration

Abstract

Migration is increasingly recognised as a key determinant of health behaviours; however, the mechanisms through which it influences lifestyle indices among African populations remain insufficiently understood, particularly across different migration contexts. This scoping review aimed to synthesise existing evidence on the impact of migration on selected lifestyle indices among African migrants, with a specific focus on comparing inter-continental and intra-continental migration contexts. A scoping review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar identified peer-reviewed studies published between 2000 and 2025. Using predefined eligibility criteria based on the Population–Concept–Context framework, 15 studies were included in the final analysis. Data were charted and analysed using a thematic synthesis approach. The findings revealed that migration is associated with significant transformations in lifestyle indices, particularly dietary behaviour, physical activity, and obesity-related outcomes. Four key themes emerged: (1) nutritional acculturation as a multi-dimensional process; (2) structure-driven obesogenic transition; (3) cultural retention versus behavioural adaptation tension; and (4) contextual divergence between inter-continental and intra-continental migration. Inter-continental migration was associated with greater exposure to obesogenic environments and rapid lifestyle shifts, whereas intra-continental migration reflected more gradual, context-dependent adaptations. These patterns informed the development of the Proposed African Migrant Lifestyle Transition Model (AM‑LTM). Migration influences lifestyle indices among African populations in complex and context-dependent ways. The AM‑LTM framework advances understanding by highlighting the role of structural determinants and contextual variation in shaping migrant health outcomes. The findings highlight the need for context-specific, culturally sensitive interventions and further research on intra-continental migration within Africa.