Impact of HIV coinfection on tuberculosis treatment outcomes in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Objectives Despite the implementation of a short-term direct observation treatment programme, HIV coinfection is one of the main determinants of tuberculosis (TB) treatment success. This meta-analysis was conducted to report the impact of HIV on TB treatment outcomes using inconsistent and variable study findings. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis was performed. Data sources The PubMed/Medline, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases were used to access the articles. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument was used for the critical appraisal. Eligibility criteria All observational studies conducted in Ethiopia and reporting TB treatment outcomes in relation to HIV coinfection were included in the final analysis. Data extraction and synthesis Two independent reviewers extracted the data using a standardised data extraction format. The JBI critical appraisal tool was used to assess the quality of primary studies. Stata V.14 was used for the data analysis. Cochran’s Q statistic with inverse variance (I 2 ) and funnel plot are used to assess the presence of heterogeneity (I 2 =94.4%, p<0.001) and publication bias, respectively. A random effect model was used to estimate TB treatment outcomes with a 95% CI. Results The overall success rate of TB treatment was 69.9% (95% CI 64% to 75%). The cure rate of TB among patients living with HIV was 19.3%. Furthermore, the odds of unsuccessful treatment among TB-HIV coinfected patients were 2.6 times greater than those among HIV nonreactive patients (OR 2.65; 95% CI 2.1 to 3.3). Conclusion The success of TB treatment among patients living with HIV in Ethiopia was lower than the WHO standard threshold (85%). HIV coinfection hurts TB treatment success. Therefore, collaborative measurements and management, such as early treatment initiation, follow-up and the management of complications, are important.