Impact of Heavy Metal Stress (Ni and Co) on Maize (Zea mays)

Abstract

Heavy metal contamination, particularly from nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co), is a significant issue in agricultural regions, especially those influenced by industrial activities. This study investigates the impact of Ni and Co stress on maize (Zea mays) by evaluating the plant's morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses to varying metal concentrations. We measured leaf number, leaf length, root length, fresh and dry weights of aerial and root parts, as well as chlorophyll content, proline, total sugars, polyphenols, and flavonoids. The results reveal that higher concentrations of Ni and Co caused notable reductions in growth and alterations in metabolic processes, with increased levels of stress-related markers. This research emphasizes the detrimental effects of heavy metals on maize, highlighting the need for sustainable agricultural practices to mitigate pollution. By understanding the impact of heavy metals on crop health, this study contributes to the broader goal of enhancing food security and improving resilience in regions facing soil contamination challenges.