Impact of Diabetes on the Cardiovascular System in Patients at El Idrissi Hospital in Morocco: An Epidemiological Study

Abstract

Background: Diabetes is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, significantly increasing the risk of complications. It contributes to high rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in individuals with poor glycemic control. Early detection and effective management are crucial to reducing the cardiovascular burden in diabetic patients. Methodology: This cross-sectional study aims to assess the impact of diabetes on cardiovascular complications and identify associated risk factors in patients followed at El Idrissi Hospital in Kenitra, Morocco. 100 diabetic patients (types 1 and 2) were included. Data were collected from medical records and supplemented by structured interviews, analyzing clinical and biological characteristics, as well as cardiovascular complications (hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure, and stroke). Results: The findings show high rates of hypertension (60%), heart disease (20%), heart failure (15%), and stroke (10%). The major risk factors are distributed as follows: A diabetes for a long duration of over 10 years (OR = 3.2), dyslipidemia (OR = 2.1), and poor glycemic control (HbA1c >8%; OR = 2.5). These data highlight the importance of early and rigorous management of diabetic patients. Targeted management and increased patient education are crucial in reducing the cardiovascular burden. Conclusions: This study highlights the significant impact of diabetes on cardiovascular complications in patients at El Idrissi Hospital, Kenitra. The high prevalence of hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure, and stroke underscores the importance of early detection and effective management. Key risk factors such as prolonged diabetes duration, poor glycemic control, and dyslipidemia were strongly associated with cardiovascular complications. These findings emphasize the need for targeted management strategies and enhanced patient education to mitigate the cardiovascular risks associated with diabetes and improve long-term patient outcomes.