article · Small Structures
Carbon nanofibers possess dielectric traits that aid electromagnetic wave absorption, but achieving wide absorption bandwidths and good flexibility remains difficult. Combining them with magnetic materials often overlooks critical structural factors. To resolve this, a one-dimensional carbon nanocomposite was fabricated by embedding magnetic oxide nanoparticles into carbon nanofibers through electrospinning. This method disrupts rigid alignment and creates dynamic magnetic interactions, increasing membrane flexibility. The process also generates defect-rich interfaces, raising the amorphous content to 61 percent, which enhances electromagnetic absorption. Internal macro- and mesoporous structures create boundaries that capture and dissipate waves. At a thickness of 2.5 millimetres, the flexible composite achieved a minimum reflection loss of -39.8 decibels at 4.64 gigahertz and an effective absorption bandwidth reaching 7 gigahertz. Computer simulations also showed a maximum radar cross-section reduction of 21.1 square decibels metres, confirming its radar stealth properties.
Managing electromagnetic waves is essential for reducing interference in modern electronics and providing radar camouflage for defence technologies. By combining flexibility, thin design, and broad absorption bandwidth in a single carbon nanofiber composite, this work shows how structural and defect engineering can create lighter, more adaptable materials that effectively conceal objects from radar detection.
This material could enable lightweight, flexible coatings for radar cross-section reduction and electromagnetic wave shielding. Potential users include manufacturers of defence hardware, aerospace structures, and sensitive electronics requiring stealth or interference protection. Based on the abstract, the technology is at an applied laboratory stage, supported by fabrication testing and computer simulations, but has not yet been validated in operational commercial environments.
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Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) exhibit inherent dielectric properties that enhance electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption, yet challenges exist in expanding their effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) and improving flexibility. Many studies fail to adequately consider how structural factors influence performance when combining CNFs with magnetic materials. To address these issues, a 1D carbon nanocomposite is developed by embedding magnetic oxide nanoparticles within CNFs using a simple electrospinning technique. This approach improves membrane flexibility by disrupting rigid alignment and introducing dynamic magnetic interactions, while also creating defect‐rich interfaces that increase the amorphous content (61%) of the CNFsF composite, leading to improved EM wave absorption. The unique macro/mesoporous morphology provides internal interfaces and heterogeneous boundaries that effectively trap and dissipate EM waves. As a result, the flexible CNF composites demonstrate significant EM wave absorption performance, achieving a minimum reflection loss (RL min ) of −39.8 dB at 4.64 GHz and an abroad EAB of up to 7 GHz at only 2.5 mm thickness. Computer simulation technology (CST) simulations indicate a maximum radar cross‐section reduction of 21.1 dB m 2 , highlighting the material's radar stealth capability. This research advances the development of high‐performance materials and offers new strategies for enhancing absorption properties through composite engineering.
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DOI: 10.1002/sstr.202400624
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