Impact of Biosecurity on Production Performance and Antimicrobial Usage in Broiler Farms in Cameroon

Abstract

The broiler industry is the most developed livestock sector in Cameroon. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between biosecurity implementation with production performance and antibiotic usage in broiler farms in Cameroon. Data concerning biosecurity, production performance (average daily gain or ADG, mortality rate, feed conversion ratio or FCR, and performance index or PI), and antimicrobial usage (AMU) were collected in 57 farms in the Adamawa and North regions. The average total biosecurity score of broiler farms was 52/100. ADG (46.54 ± 5.18 g versus 43.80 ± 4.16 g), FCR (1.59 ± 0.61 versus 1.75 ± 0.58), mortality rate (2.47% versus 6.65%), and PI (339.21 ± 105.79 versus 268.22 ± 101.09) were statistically better in farms with good biosecurity. The majority of antibiotics used (55.2%) were classified as critically important for human medicine, with 83.9% of antibiotics underdosed/overdosed. No correlation was found between biosecurity and AMU, although there was a trend towards reduced use in farms with good biosecurity. The misuse of antibiotics will result in an increased development of antimicrobial resistance, which can be transmitted to humans. This study highlights the importance of biosecurity in improving poultry performance and reducing AMU. Continuous training and awareness-raising efforts among farmers on the importance of biosecurity are needed to reduce AMU and improve farmers' profitability.