Immunomodulatory effects of Phoenix dactylifera and Saccharomyces cerevisiae probiotics via activation of splenic Annexin-A1 expression in rabbits

Abstract

The immunosuppressive effects of glucocorticoids on T-cells are caused by the down-regulation of Annexin-A1, a protein essential for T-cell activation and adaptive immunity. Therefore, it is interesting to explore the impact of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits and/or Saccharomyces cerevisiae ( S. cerevisiae ) probiotics on Annexin-A1 expression in rabbit spleen. White New Zealand male rabbits were divided into five groups: control, Dexamethasone (DXM), Dexamethasone plus Date palm (DXM + Date), Dexamethasone plus Saccharomyces cerevisiae (DXM + S. cerevisiae ), and Dexamethasone plus Date palm plus Saccharomyces cerevisiae (DXM + Date + S. cerevisiae ) treated groups. Dexamethasone caused oxidative stress and immunological suppression, as evidenced by significant increases in catalase and Malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as a notable depletion of reduced Glutathione (GSH) in splenic tissues. The study reported a significant decrease in Annexin-A1 expression, as well as decreases in Interferon gamma (IF-γ), Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) expressions in splenic tissue. However, serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels are non-significantly decreased. Conversely, co-treatments of DXM-treated rabbits with date palm and/or S. cerevisiae restored nearly all biochemical changes to normal. Date palm, alone or in combination with S. cerevisiae , can increase splenic Annexin-A1 expression. Furthermore, the data revealed that date palm may have a more immune-stimulant impact than S. cerevisiae in rabbits, as well as a synergistic effect of both. These treatments present a novel way to increase Annexin-A1 signaling as a potential technique for managing immunological deficits.