Hypertension control in the Tunisian elderly

Abstract

Background : Hypertension is a major public health problem. Despite therapeutic progress, blood pressure control remains insufficient particularly in the elderly. Purpose: The aim of our study was to identify the factors associated with poor blood pressure control in the elderly in Tunisia. Material and methods: We conducted a descriptive study including 101 Tunisian treated hypertensive patients, aged 65 years and over, followed on an outpatient basis between November and December 2019. Results: Median age was 73 and sex ratio was 0.57. The major cardiovascular risk factor was diabetes in 60.4% of cases, followed by dyslipidaemia (48.5%) and smoking (40.6%). About 33% of the hypertensive patients realized regular physical activity and 31% had a high-sodium diet. Our patients were completely dependent in 4% of cases and among those aged 80 and over, 68.2% were frail. The prevalence of poor blood pressure control was 59%. Adherence to treatment was satisfactory in 75.2% of cases. In multivariate analysis, the factors associated with poor blood pressure control were: non-compliance with treatment [odds ratio (OR) = 0.19; p = 0.013], frailty (OR = 7.194; p = 0.004), the number of antihypertensive tablets (OR = 0.382; p = 0.008), non-use of thiazide diuretics (OR = 25.903; p = 0.001) and the patient's lack of knowledge of antihypertensive treatment (OR = 0.56; p = 0.008). Conclusion: Detection of the risk of non-compliance, the use of combined treatments screening for frailty and informing the patient about his/her treatment are necessary to improve blood pressure control in our Tunisian context.