article · Energy Sources Part A Recovery Utilization and Environmental Effects
Hybrid solar desalination pairs solar power with other energy sources and separation processes to optimise energy consumption, reduce production costs, and increase freshwater output. A review of numerical and experimental research examines hybrid configurations that incorporate geothermal energy, humidification-dehumidification, solar stills, photovoltaic arrays, waste heat, heat pumps, and membrane technologies. Incorporating geothermal energy provides a continuous 24-hour heat supply, which enhances humidification-dehumidification productivity by nearly 35 percent. Integrating humidification-dehumidification with renewable systems yields high freshwater volumes, elevated gained output ratios, and lower production costs. Additionally, coupling reverse osmosis with renewable energy ensures high freshwater output with salinity levels acceptable for drinking.
Clean drinking water is increasingly scarce, and conventional desalination requires high amounts of energy. By coupling solar power with supplementary renewable sources like geothermal heat and advanced separation techniques, hybrid systems can operate continuously day and night. This approach lowers water production costs, improves thermal efficiency, and makes renewable water purification significantly more practical for regions facing severe water stress.
The findings assess numerical and experimental studies, indicating that these hybrid configurations are primarily at an applied and tested research phase. Potential users include water utilities, off-grid communities, and desalination plant operators looking to lower operational energy costs and secure continuous 24-hour water output. Commercial deployment will depend on advancing these experimental integrations, particularly geothermal-assisted humidification-dehumidification and renewable reverse osmosis, into field-scale pilot projects.
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Solar distillation of saline water can be economical by combining the advantages of free-cost solar energy with effective design. A combination of two or more desalination processes is called hybrid desalination. It may provide a better cost-effective pure water yield and optimize energy consumption and pure water production. An optimum combination of the features of the multi processes is hoped that either one process can provide. This study introduces an inclusive revision of recent research on hybridization techniques solar-powered desalination systems passing through the numerical and experimental studies from the energetic, exergertic, and economic views. This study is categorized as a hybrid solar desalination system using geothermal energy, humidification dehumidification HDH, solar stills SS, photovoltaic systems, waste heat, heat pump HP, and membrane technology. Cost analysis of the presented hybrid solar desalination systems was introduced. The study presents a comprehensive, up-to-date review of these techniques and developments with suggested future research directions. It was found that using geothermal energy in desalination achieves the heat source continuously (24-h available). In addition, the integration of geothermal energy with HDH improves system productivity by nearly 35%. Further, the combination of HDH units with renewable energy desalination systems indicates good performance, high GOR, high freshwater yield, and low water cost. The hybridization of reverse osmosis RO and renewable energy gives an accepted salinity (for drinking) in addition to the quantity of freshwater productivity.
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DOI: 10.1080/15567036.2021.2005721
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